It’s important to note, as you are implying here, that the rights that are protected in the bill of rights aren’t granted exclusively to citizens. Take the fourth amendment for example:

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

It says nothing about citizenship, but instead refers to people.