I think an important thing to understand when talking about plant populations is to understand how they compete against each other. all kind of understand how animals compete because its dramatic with claws, fangs, speed and eating. They also compete more subtle with birthing rates, eating all the food faster than others but they are behaviors we can see. Each animal has it own ecological niche which they thrive

Since plants cannot move (mostly true) they compete against animals and other plants in other ways. They use chemicals to poison others, alter the soil for their own needs or attempt to shade out other plants. They also compete in a different timescale than animals. They may only grow for a few months of the year before anything else grows or have a super short reproductive cycle and flower multiple times per year or play the long game and invest into woody structure to grow taller and live longer than other plants. These are their own niches which include everything about temperature (both highs, lows, days at certain temperatures etc.), soil conditions, nearby plants, animals to help or hurt them and timeframes. These are plant’s niches. This means a plant community is never static. It is driven by a process called Ecological Succession

The things about garden and yards is that we don’t have a stable or natural ecosystem which means they are more unstable. We artificially keep it in a early stage of succession with mowing, fertilizers and pulling of weeds. This leaves plenty of open niches for things like bamboo to exploit. That is why pulling or poisoning of weeds just keep coming back since nothing is there to stop it from filling that niche again. So something like bamboo is almost impossible to remove without something else to outcompetes it in its niche. If we did nothing the bamboo would likely take over most of the grass and garden but eventually (in timeframes of years or decades) something else would eventually take it over or others would fill in around it. Usually plants growing creates additional niches alongside it. The succession would take over and alter the ecosystem.

This means that for something like bamboo we should attempt to control it in our garden setting with rhimozone barriers so it doesn’t run wild. Having things like native perennials or other perennials around it should outcompete any newer sprouts can help as well. Moreover, if you have weeds in your garden they will always be there unless you have something else already there. Any bare soil is just open ground for volunteer plants (a.k.a weeds) to take over to fill the empty niche. So to remove something you might not want you need to both pull it and have something else to replace it.