Hey all, lurker for a bit, but just joined because I’ve started my journey of self hosting the simple stuff (or at least I hope it’s simple). For the past couple years I’ve been using a RPi Zero W for PiHole, and more recently go into Jellyfin and Home Assistant, using an RPi4 and an RPi3+ respectively. I’ve also got a hand-me-down Synology ds214j NAS with 2x8TB in RAID0 RAID1, which is about half full atm. I’m not expecting to expand that storage anytime soon, so I’ve pivoted to an attempt at combining the 3 Pis above into one NUC/SFF/etc device with a roughly similar power draw. Also looking at re-jumping back into 3D printing using OctoPrint.
I’ve looked briefly at jumping to a Pi5, but that led me down the rabbit hole with Jeff Geerling’s article/video on Pi vs. NUC. I’ve continued to putter around looking at NUCs in the ~$200 range. Hoping to stick with MinisForum, GMKTek, or Beelink if possible, but only because… it’s all I know. I’d like to also tinker deeper with Linux flavors, as I’m a noob at best with it but want to at least have some growing knowledge, as I’ve primarily been a Windows gamer and use Apple at the office almost exclusively. I’d like to try staying with AMD as I’ve slowly moved over from the “dark side” (don’t hurt me) that is Intel and Nvidia.
Last nugget is that I’ve never tinkered with Docker, as it seems that may be the best route to host all these apps on one contiguous installation. I’ve new-ish to VMs too, so anything “Baby’s First VM” would be nice.
I know I made a giant pile of wants/needs, so if there’s no magical unicorn, I’m cool with other ideas. Thanks in advance, and I’m really keen on seeing what options I have.
Best bang for your buck in general, IMO, is going to be an off-lease mini or SFF from eBay.
There are some Lenovo minis with Quadro GPUs in them as well. Would be handy for transcodes, if that’s something you require for Jellyfin.
Any Intel CPU with quicksync will likely be plenty transcoding capability for his use case with significantly lower power draw
I think the N100 units are still the best value.
While N100 is great for what it is, especially at a $200 budget, it can be limiting with its fairly small core/thread count if you expand beyond a handful of applications.
OP mentioned tinkering with multiple Linux flavors. A higher end cpu, with more cores and threads, would allow them to virtualize multiple instances on top of whatever other workloads they have and potentially not break a sweat while the N100 could struggle. While such an upgrade would be more expensive, price for performance will likely be significantly better if you can make use of it.
Any particular models I should look out for? I’m kinda thinking from the perspective of the mythic i5 2500k, that is. Curious if what you’ve personally used is something I should consider.
Ensure the CPU has hardware transcoding for the encoding you need. I wouldn’t go with older than intel 9th gen.
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I’ve found that you don’t need to go that far above the $200 cost of an Intel N100/150 system to get a mini PC with a significantly more powerful AMD processor. It won’t be the latest generation but it will be capable of a lot more than those low-power Intels, and from my measurements many AMD processors of the last three generations or so are good at saving power when they’re idle, so it won’t use a ton more electricity. Sometimes you find used ones on eBay at a decent price because someone upgraded.
But is it necessary? I’d rather focus more on the tdp.
I know I could just boost the tdp of the n150 if I did want more power, but I see people here running stuff on 10 year old laptops and older Intel n series stuff seemingly without a problem.
Would the 5000 series of AMD’s Ryzen 5/7 be a good bet to baseline with? Couple gens old now, so I’m thinking kinda cheap. Something like this from Beelink perhaps?
Yes, I think that’s reasonable. The midrange CPU in the Beelink you linked is already significantly more capable than the Intel N150 etc., though it has a TDP of 15W compared to the N150’s 6W. I haven’t dug into which specialized features they support (hardware codec support etc.) but for a general-purpose computer I’d definitely prefer the one you linked to those N100/N150 minis, even if it uses a little more power. Others might have a different opinion but that would be my choice.
Dell refurbished 1L PC?
Get a N100/N150 system with 12GB+ RAM for ~150 €/$. Alternatively check for one with replaceable RAM.
To get experience with Linux you can install VirtualBox on Windows and set up some Linux virtual machines. It’s easier than most people think.
Thanks! Yeah I’m thinking I should get a higher RAM setup just for flexibility’s sake and futureproofing so some extent. 16GB was my bare minimum, but I’m looking at some configs with 32GB and they aren’t too much pricier. The soldered RAM is def iffy, as I like having the options to improve a build without too much headache, or no solid upgrade path whatsoever.
As for the Linux stuff, I’ve dabbled in it, and currently run ZorinOS on an old Thinkpad. It’s not heavily used, but it’s similar enough to Windows (as are many flavors), that the difficulty curve for me boils down to terminal stuff. I jump between Powershell, MacOS Terminal, and this on a roughly weekly basis, but by no means am I a scholar :P
I have a NUC with an intel N6005 in it for around that price, very happy with it.
Maybe you enjoy the “getting it to work” part more than me. I went from RPi to a cheap used miniPC from eBay. Installed Debian and bought a wireless keyboard with touchpad. Cheap and so much simpler. Plays all my flac music through Strawberry, plays all my movies at home and away. Easiest VPN setup, I don’t use smart functions of my TV, just the miniPC for everything.
Oh don’t get me wrong, I get burnout myself if I’m hovering on a hobby for too long, but tinkering is in my blood. I’m sure I’ll have moments where I’m just thinking, “Fuck it, Imma play some gaems instead.”, but that itch is bound to come back.
I am curious what VPN you use tho. Been shopping around, and the unfortunate news that the big services are owned by a particular company kinda stalled my research.
We appear to have a similar affliction. I’m let down terribly by a lack of expertise, and so take a best alternative in most cases. My VPN is Mullvad. I’m due renewal in the next 2 months so will be pondering simple renewal vs switching to ProtonVPN. The purity of Mullvad privacy is wasted on me as the only real difference appears to be the option to pay by bitcoin or cash. Proton appears to have more options and less likely to be blocked if you go away on holiday etc.
I’ve had good experience with the Minisforum MS-01, while it’s more than your $200 mentioned, it’s been worth every penny. Plenty of power for most homelabs and lots of nice features for future proofing (10gb, Ethernet, plenty of storage options, small but still usable pcie expansion slot) in a small form factor.
I’ve pretty much retired all my RPis at this point and my old Synology NAS is now just storage only with the MS-01 doing all the actual work.
Really don’t have a reason to migrate away from it for many years unless it died. Even then, you can create a promox cluster with them trivially to provide some redundancy.
They also have the a1 and a2 options for AMD but the a1 doesn’t have the same feature set and a2 is pretty expensive if you don’t need the extra power.
Used to run on a pi 4 but moved to a 11th Gen NUC and wouldn’t go back. Well, the pi was nice when I didn’t have any money but the performance boost of just an i3 is hard to beat. With headless debian 13, the nuc now draws 5w idle. Seriously low consumption, costs like 10eur in electric energy per year. Pi 4 still found a home for homeassistant +zigbee stack.
Damn right. As much as I love my Pis, they have minimal headroom for what I’m looking at doing. This upgrade is great esp with the ability to consolidate all my stuff into one unit. As for power use, the lower the better as I’m guessing the setup will be idling majority of the time, and “vampire power” still sits in the back of my brain. In another comment I placed anything below 50w as a good limit.
As for my Pi4, I’m looking at possibly gifting to a friend as their primary devices don’t handle x265 at all, but I have plenty of options to repurpose both it and even the Pi3. I do need to look into Zigbee stuff though. Still an alien term to me lol.
While I get leaning towards AMD products, I’ve been doing so as well, when I built my first server with a Ryzen 5 2400GE I have found that there just isn’t as much resources/support for enabling transcoding with the vega 11 in Jellyfin or Immich. Most Intel iGPU’s have a hardware chip specifically tuned for transcoding called quicksync that you should strongly consider.
Especially in the $100-200 price range tiny mini micro’s from HP/Lenovo/Dell are widely available and offer lots of capability in a power-efficient (~10-15w idle, 40-50w full load) and easily maintainable form factor. The Lenovo’s in particular are interesting due to a few models having full pci-e slots if you decide later you want a GPU.
Lenovo pci-eFinally for software I would suggest looking into Cosmos Cloud, I use it and have found it made it so much easier to setup and manage all my docker containers and domain name/reverse proxy settings.
HAOS has add-ons to run a sort of managed version I think of pihole. Good start for containers.
RAID0 is not RAID, because R stands for redundant and RAID0 has dependency on as many drives are in the machine. You need to change that. One drive fails you lose everything.
The question is pertinent to my interests and the answer is to spend some time learning about the benefits and disadvantages of chipsets and processors unfortunately.
Ah crap, I was wrong on that. I have it in RAID1. My bad, I’ve corrected my OG post.
Pi 4 should be plenty to run Jellyfin, homeassistant, pihole and octoprint. Docker setup is pretty straightforward, and I can vouch that HA & pihole containers work great on RPi, if you want to leave the Jellyfin setup as-is and put the others alongside.
If you’re looking for an excuse to expand, my vote is for an N100 type system. I got one with 4 ethernet ports, PCIe for a wifi card, couple of NVME slots, and a half dozen SATA ports for $100-150. That’s a huge step up in potential without much increase in power draw. With the right wifi card, you can even use it to replace your WAP/router.
Maybe I will try to redo the Pi4. Just wanna see if I can make a full backup of Jellyfin’s config beforehand. Or, y’know, just buy a few extra microSD cards.
But yes, the excuse is valid. I feel like eventually I’ll hit a wall with the Pi4, but I also dunno how much more I’m trying to expand anyway. Basically trying to get to that low power, self-sufficient plateau without going too overboard.
Buy a 7th gen Intel based tiny/mini/micro PC instead of a Pi or NUC. You get much more bang for your buck. 35W max draw. They are far more capable than people give them credit for. I run 3 of them (4 if you count the Mac mini).
As tempting as that is, I’m not expecting to build up something that hefty. Love the wireminding and all, but I’m hoping to keep this as something I can mount nicely in my teeny tiny network cabinet. The horsepower I’m looking for, alongside the low thermal and power loads, are my goal. Maybe I’ll expand beyond eventually, but who knows?
Thank you for the suggestion though! Also love the R&C refs :) Still need to finish Rift Apart.
I think you are misunderstanding. The part they are talking about are just the small boxes in the center, labelled “mort” “ratchet” and “home assistant.”. You can get used office PCs like those for around the cost of a rpi, and they are way more powerful, but with a low power draw.
Yeah I did get a little __ Lost __ :P
But for reals, yeah I did. I was taking in the entire picture, but still way more than I’m hoping to utilize. One tiny box for now, but maybe down the line I’ll expand to a rack. Its only me, as my housemates use the Jellyfin setup a bit through our TVs, but the HA stuff, and even the PiHole are more or less all mine.
I started with a 2 bay Synology NAS (still have this as storage only and no computing) and added a 12the gen i5 mini PC I got on eBay for £230. That’s worked out great and I would highly recommend it. If you’re on a budget then look for some older hardware.
Docker is also not that difficult to get started with and worth messing around with to learn. I started on with Docker on my Synology and out grew that quickly and have been really happy with my mini PC.
So I couldn’t use Docker on my Synology as it wasn’t compatible, but I did try to try to use Docker, but it was most definitely a test install trying to squeeze Jellyfin and HA onto an 8GB card… yeah that didn’t work (I didn’t try too hard). I’ve heard of Docker Desktop, but sounds like it was not well received.
I got an old Lenovo P330 Xeon with 64 G of ECC ram. I recently checked its power usage for another poster asking the same thing. I was shocked to see it only use 15Watts while streaming 4k hevc.
For server use, ECC is important because it’s going to be on 24/7 for years at a time.
Oh wow. Yeah, I have an old server hand-me-down from a friend, and his first red flag with it was it was gonna pull down $50 more power monthly 0_o. I may look into this. I have a few old cases lying about, but I was looking from in the super small form factor as I could nestle it in my network cabinet.
Perhaps not the size you’re after, but I have a HP Z1 G5, i9-9900, 5 SSD, 3 HDD, and that can idle as low as 45W and costs me £60/yr in electric. I managed to pick it up off eBay for only £260 (discounted from £350; if you keep an eye on certain things, sellers drop prices to rid of their gear).
