When you are creating your resume, you don’t need to put every random job you’ve ever had. What companies do is they look at your jobs on the resume, and at most call the employer and ask them if you worked for them and how you did at the job.
There is no way for a non government employee to know if you worked other jobs. Keep off any jobs that you worked at for less than 2 years and use every skill you learned as a skill for your resume.
Nothing hurts your resume more than having 3 or 4 jobs in a span of 2 years because it shows you are unreliable.
Employers in the US can be liable for damages if they communicate inaccurate information about a former (or current, I imagine) employee’s performance if that communication negatively affects the former employee’s hirability.
Unless your former employer has detailed and contemporaneous records of your work history and reason for termination, and they’re willing to risk being taken to court over telling those to your potential future employer, they’re going to confirm hire and term dates, and nothing more. Everywhere I’ve ever worked has been like that; “If someone calls to check on employment history, you tell them hire/term dates and nothing more.”