Correct. That’s also why it’s important to find providers thatchave passed many independant audits. Like ProtonVPN or Mulvad.

Its simple really. If you have an IP address on a torrent network, contact its owner. The owner of the IP will then be forced to contact the user… But if the owner doesn’t keep logs… Then they don’t know who the user is… And the claim can’t progress any further. But not all VPNs are created equal. Some keep logs. And that’s not good for privacy.

For you not getting DMCA, you may use private trackers only. If not, maybe you got lucky, or you just ignored the emails from your provider or your provider doesn’t follow up with complaints.